Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author. The Trieste Habitat Micro-area Programme HMPan innovative social-health service policy, has offered a natural experiment to empirically evaluate the social mechanisms through which social capital may have an impact on health inequalities. To date, literature clarifying this causal chain is scanty. The study was carried out during — and used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative part investigated the field experience of the HMP through interviews, focus groups and workshops with HMP 5 disadvantage of online dating. The quantitative part assessed the effect HMP might have on these properties and the capacity to face health risks of more vulnerable individuals. Three samples, each of individuals, residing in the target and in control areas were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. One control sample was matched to the treated subjects using a Propensity Score Matching. The results of the study suggest that the HMP intervention stimulated the development of empowerment, collaboration and interdependence among vulnerable people. This produced an increase in their social capital under several aspects, including enhanced trust, network extension and participation, cooperation and reciprocal help with neighbours, as well as improving their judgement on quality, timing and efficacy of the help received from institutions, relatives or friends. These findings show that socially shared relationships can 5 disadvantage of online dating innovative local models of a universalistic generative welfare system, which would be both inclusive and able to enhance individual capabilities. These models could be disseminated and carried over to other contexts. Keywords: Health inequalities, Capabilities, Social capital, Generative welfare, Social determinant, Urban health promotion, Social mechanisms. A qualitative and quantitative study on a local experience of generative welfare. The role social mechanisms play in generating specific properties of social capital. These properties enhance vulnerable individuals' capabilities and may contribute to reduce health inequalities. These social mechanisms can be activated by public health services, to strengthen the generative welfare model. Health in European cities is unevenly distributed, despite the apparent level of well-being and social protection that characterizes Europe Marmot, ; WHO, This unequal distribution has been attributed to the populations' varied social make-up in different areas and to the environmental and socioeconomic contextual characteristics of these areas Van Lenthe et al. Numerous publications have reported on how the social factors like education, social class, income and wealth, influence health over an individual's life span Roberts, Conversely, studying the effects exposure to contextual factors may have on health is a more complex issue and literature is scanty. This is much due to the difficulty in defining and measuring such an exposure Galster, This is particularly true when it comes to exposure to social contextual circumstances, e. Individuals we define as vulnerable have fewer resources and less individual capacity to control the health consequences of adverse life experiences, and are often forced to live in the most disadvantaged and segregated areas, which offer fewer 5 disadvantage of online dating. If these more vulnerable individuals are to develop capabilities enabling them to perform well under adverse circumstances, then their possibilities of action and the alternatives available within an everyday environment must be expanded Di Monaco ; Sen, These characteristics, both personal and contextual, make people more or less vulnerable depending on their capabilities. Previous research has identified social capital as a key feature of the social context Moorewhich would represent an additional resource able to counterbalance the potential negative health effects of adverse social circumstances, beyond individual resources and capabilities Coleman, However, individuals in deprived areas have fewer possibilities to count on social relationships. According to this theory, social capital, which would be generated by the overall social position of the people belonging to a certain community Birdwould allow them to access numerous types of resources through social relationships, i. Carpiano, It also includes the individual use people make of social capital to mobilise these relationships to reach their objectives Coleman, ; Kawachi et al. The quality of this social infrastructure is continually influenced by numerous factors, i. These mechanisms include trust, social exchange and reciprocity, cooperation and learning. Consequently, these social interactions both constitute a representation of the presence of specific properties of the social capital in use and create conditions where they can be 5 disadvantage of online dating and reinforced, as they modify the institutional context and the social norms the individuals interact with. Recent research has empirically assessed the direct influence social capital has on individual and collective behaviour generated through the spread of social norms, which occurs along with personal interaction. Therefore, when a deprived area is considered, its social capital can be defined as a structural element of social relationships, which characterizes the groups and sub-groups of people who live there Villalonga-Olivesa Each individual's social capital is not simply a fixed characteristic but can be created or amplified Edwards ; Jones ; Wilmot with the contribution of the vulnerable individuals themselves. This can be achieved by specific social mechanisms, intentionally reproduced by individual, collective and institutional players. Social-health services are players who have the specific mission of promoting health, especially in deprived areas. Therefore, the capabilities of individuals, above all vulnerable subjects, should be nurtured, making feasible and preferable individual and collective health-oriented behaviours. This may be feasible only if the traditional ponderous bureaucratic mentality, which still defines the organization of many health services, is by-passed Laverack, These services should redesign their organization to manage social processes and should construct alliances and integration processes amongst the various local services in a systematic manner, so as to create value for the individual. The Trieste HMP was implemented in in the current mode and has provided a natural experiment Craig for a controlled cross-sectional study on how this social chain works testing and assessing the following hypotheses:.
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